Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the gap between the number of imaging exams and the number of expert radiologist readers required to cover this increase will continue to expand, consequently introducing a demand for AI-based tools that improve the efficiency with which radiologists can comfortably interpret these exams. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical-image generation, processing, and interpretation, and a variety of such AI models have been developed across research labs worldwide. However, very few of these, if any, find their way into routine clinical use, a discrepancy that reflects the divide between AI research and successful AI translation. To address the barrier to clinical deployment, we have formed MONAI Consortium, an open-source community which is building standards for AI deployment in healthcare institutions, and developing tools and infrastructure to facilitate their implementation. This report represents several years of weekly discussions and hands-on problem solving experience by groups of industry experts and clinicians in the MONAI Consortium. We identify barriers between AI-model development in research labs and subsequent clinical deployment and propose solutions. Our report provides guidance on processes which take an imaging AI model from development to clinical implementation in a healthcare institution. We discuss various AI integration points in a clinical Radiology workflow. We also present a taxonomy of Radiology AI use-cases. Through this report, we intend to educate the stakeholders in healthcare and AI (AI researchers, radiologists, imaging informaticists, and regulators) about cross-disciplinary challenges and possible solutions.

In this work we study the asymptotic consistency of the weak-form sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics algorithm (WSINDy) in the identification of differential equations from noisy samples of solutions. We prove that the WSINDy estimator is unconditionally asymptotically consistent for a wide class of models which includes the Navier-Stokes equations and the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. We thus provide a mathematically rigorous explanation for the observed robustness to noise of weak-form equation learning. Conversely, we also show that in general the WSINDy estimator is only conditionally asymptotically consistent, yielding discovery of spurious terms with probability one if the noise level is above some critical threshold and the nonlinearities exhibit sufficiently fast growth. We derive explicit bounds on the critical noise threshold in the case of Gaussian white noise and provide an explicit characterization of these spurious terms in the case of trigonometric and/or polynomial model nonlinearities. However, a silver lining to this negative result is that if the data is suitably denoised (a simple moving average filter is sufficient), then we recover unconditional asymptotic consistency on the class of models with locally-Lipschitz nonlinearities. Altogether, our results reveal several important aspects of weak-form equation learning which may be used to improve future algorithms. We demonstrate our results numerically using the Lorenz system, the cubic oscillator, a viscous Burgers growth model, and a Kuramoto-Sivashinsky-type higher-order PDE.

为计算机视觉标记大型示例数据集的挑战继续限制图像存储库的可用性和范围。这项研究为自动数据收集，策展，标签和迭代培训提供了一种新的方法，对螺头卫星图像和对象检测的情况进行最少的人为干预。新的操作量表有效地扫描了整个城市（68平方英里）的网格搜索，并通过太空观测得出了汽车颜色的预测。经过部分训练的Yolov5模型是一种初始推理种子，以进一步输出迭代循环中更精致的模型预测。这里的软标签是指接受标签噪声作为潜在的有价值的增强，以减少过度拟合并增强对以前看不见的测试数据的广义预测。该方法利用了一个现实世界的实例，其中汽车的裁剪图像可以自动从像素值中自动接收白色或彩色信息，从而完成端到端管道，而不会过度依赖人类劳动。

尽管人工神经网络（ANN）取得了重大进展，但其设计过程仍在臭名昭著，这主要取决于直觉，经验和反复试验。这个依赖人类的过程通常很耗时，容易出现错误。此外，这些模型通常与其训练环境绑定，而没有考虑其周围环境的变化。神经网络的持续适应性和自动化对于部署后模型可访问性的几个领域至关重要（例如，IoT设备，自动驾驶汽车等）。此外，即使是可访问的模型，也需要频繁的维护后部署后，以克服诸如概念/数据漂移之类的问题，这可能是繁琐且限制性的。当前关于自适应ANN的艺术状况仍然是研究的过早领域。然而，一种自动化和持续学习形式的神经体系结构搜索（NAS）最近在深度学习研究领域中获得了越来越多的动力，旨在提供更强大和适应性的ANN开发框架。这项研究是关于汽车和CL之间交集的首次广泛综述，概述了可以促进ANN中充分自动化和终身可塑性的不同方法的研究方向。

通用形态（UNIMORPH）项目是一项合作的努力，可为数百种世界语言实例化覆盖范围的标准化形态拐角。该项目包括两个主要的推力：一种无独立的特征架构，用于丰富的形态注释，并以各种语言意识到该模式的各种语言的带注释数据的类型级别资源。本文介绍了过去几年对几个方面的扩张和改进（自McCarthy等人（2020年）以来）。众多语言学家的合作努力增加了67种新语言，其中包括30种濒危语言。我们已经对提取管道进行了一些改进，以解决一些问题，例如缺少性别和马克龙信息。我们还修改了模式，使用了形态学现象所需的层次结构，例如多肢体协议和案例堆叠，同时添加了一些缺失的形态特征，以使模式更具包容性。鉴于上一个UniMorph版本，我们还通过16种语言的词素分割增强了数据库。最后，这个新版本通过通过代表来自metphynet的派生过程的实例丰富数据和注释模式来推动将衍生物形态纳入UniMorph中。

扩散加权图像（DWIS）中的噪声降低了扩散张量磁共振成像（DTI）导出的微结构参数的准确性和精度，并导致延长的采集时间来实现改进的信噪比（SNR）。基于深度学习的图像去噪使用卷积神经网络（CNNS）具有卓越的性能，但通常需要额外的高SNR数据来监督CNN的培训，这降低了实际可行性。我们开发了一个自我监督的深度学习的方法，标题为“SDNDTI”，用于去噪DTI数据，这不需要额外的高SNR数据进行培训。具体地，SDNDTI将多向DTI数据划分为许多子集，每个子​​集中沿着沿着最佳选择的扩散编码方向组成的六个DWI卷，该编码方向是对张力配件的稳健，然后沿着拟合的扩散张量沿所有获取的方向合成DWI体积使用数据的每个子集作为CNN的输入数据。另一方面，SDNDTI沿着使用所有获取的数据作为训练目标的扩散张量，沿着获取的扩散编码方向合成DWI卷。 SDNDTI使用深3维CNN从合成的DWI卷中的每个子集中消除噪声，以匹配清洁器目标DWI卷的质量，通过平均所有去噪数据的所有子集实现更高的SNR。 SDNDTI的去噪功效在于人类连接项目（HCP）提供的两种数据集和衰老中的寿命HCP。 SDNDTI结果保留了图像清晰度和纹理细节，并大大改善了原始数据的影响。 SDNDTI的结果与来自最先进的传统去噪算法包括BM4D，AONLM和MPPCA的常规去噪算法的结果相当。

在这项研究中，我们研究了一组从484名在美国中部地区大西洋地区一所大型公立大学招收的学生收集的主要数据。数据称为纽带数据，包括学生的人口统计和支持网络信息。支持网络数据由强调支持类型的信息（即情感或教育；常规或激烈）。使用此数据集，使用卡方自动互动检测（CHAID），决策树算法和CFOREST（一种随机的森林算法）创建了用于预测学生自我报告的GPA的学术成就的模型，该模型是使用条件推理的Cforest创建的树。我们比较方法的精度和变化在每种算法建议的一组重要变量集中。每种算法都发现，不同的变量对于不同的学生人口统计学很重要。对于白人学生来说，不同类型的教育支持对于预测学术成就很重要，而对于非白人学生来说，不同类型的情感支持对于预测学术成就很重要。不同类型的常规支持的存在对于预测顺格西格妇女的学术成就很重要，而不同类型的强烈支持对于预测cisgender男性的学术成就很重要。

Shift Invariance是CNN的关键属性，可提高分类性能。然而，我们表明，与循环偏移的不变性也可能导致对对抗性攻击的更大敏感性。我们首先在使用换档不变线性分类器时表征类之间的余量。我们表明边际只能依赖于信号的DC分量。然后，使用关于无限宽网络的结果，我们显示在一些简单的情况下，完全连接和换档不变神经网络产生线性决策边界。使用这一点，我们证明了神经网络中的换档不变性为两个类的简单情况产生了对手示例，每个案例由灰色背景上的黑色或白点组成的单个图像。这不仅仅是一种好奇心;我们凭经验显示，使用真实的数据集和现实的架构，换档不变性降低了对抗性的鲁棒性。最后，我们描述了使用合成数据来探测这种连接源的初始实验。

In this paper, we propose a novel technique, namely INVALIDATOR, to automatically assess the correctness of APR-generated patches via semantic and syntactic reasoning. INVALIDATOR reasons about program semantic via program invariants while it also captures program syntax via language semantic learned from large code corpus using the pre-trained language model. Given a buggy program and the developer-patched program, INVALIDATOR infers likely invariants on both programs. Then, INVALIDATOR determines that a APR-generated patch overfits if: (1) it violates correct specifications or (2) maintains errors behaviors of the original buggy program. In case our approach fails to determine an overfitting patch based on invariants, INVALIDATOR utilizes a trained model from labeled patches to assess patch correctness based on program syntax. The benefit of INVALIDATOR is three-fold. First, INVALIDATOR is able to leverage both semantic and syntactic reasoning to enhance its discriminant capability. Second, INVALIDATOR does not require new test cases to be generated but instead only relies on the current test suite and uses invariant inference to generalize the behaviors of a program. Third, INVALIDATOR is fully automated. We have conducted our experiments on a dataset of 885 patches generated on real-world programs in Defects4J. Experiment results show that INVALIDATOR correctly classified 79% overfitting patches, accounting for 23% more overfitting patches being detected by the best baseline. INVALIDATOR also substantially outperforms the best baselines by 14% and 19% in terms of Accuracy and F-Measure, respectively.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.